Global warming is defined as rise in earth's atmosphere and ocean temperature beyond the specified value that poses a threat to living beings. It is basically known as heating of earth. It generally occurs when the concentration of greenhouse gas increases above a specified level due to some bad practices followed by human beings such as deforestation, burning fossil fuels, etc. It is a global issue, and every nation is trying its best to develop solutions to reduce the effect. Global warming is harmful to human beings, plants, animals and every living creature on this earth.
People always want to learn how global warming can bring changes in our environment. A sudden increase in the atmospheric temperature and sea temperature will cause a change in the sea level, and it also affects the precipitation. Global warming affects the subtropical deserts as well, and they may expand. Glaciers are at high risk due to the global rise in temperature, and if it is continued no one can even think of the devastating situation that nature will present to all of us. Some other problems that living species can face are weather alterations such as heat waves, heavy rainfall or drought, extinction of certain species that could not adapt in the existing environment, and reduced agricultural outputs.
It took years of continuous research to figure out the causes of global warming, and the major cause found is the emission of greenhouse gases by human beings on a large scale. Human beings emit these gases in a variety of ways, but some common of them are burning fossil fuels in vehicles, electricity production, emission from factories, deforestation, etc. The major gases responsible for global warming are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, industrial and refrigeration gas effluents. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by trees and reduction in plants due to vigorous deforestation is leading to its increased exposure. Methane usually comes into the atmosphere through landfills and burning of wastes. Fertilizers and pesticides that we use in agriculture lands give rise to nitrous oxide, a major contributor of global warming.
Governments of different nations have already put their best foot forward to fight the situation and some measures taken by them to reduce global warming are commendable such as mitigation, adaptation, and use of geo-engineering. Mitigation is basically reducing the activities that bring changes in the environment such as reduced emission of carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases. It may also be seen as finding ways to absorb the increased amount of GHG(greenhouse gases) exposed to the atmosphere. The various policies that mitigation covers are increased use of renewable energy sources, reduction in emission of harmful gases, and increased energy of efficiency.
Adaptation is a measure that includes policies enforcing adapting the climate response. However, the concept if not fully understood but local governments can imply this to control the situation. Geo-engineering is another method to cope with the situation, and it works on developing techniques to remove excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The concept is in the development stage, and no one can be assured about its effectiveness thus it is better to use other alternatives.
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