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Deficiency diseases are the ones that are caused due to the lack of essential nutrients and minerals in human body. Deficiency can be caused by lack of one or more minerals or vitamins in your diet or even overeating a certain thing can induce an apparent deficiency of something else. Well, the deficiency of any nutrient or mineral may give rise to a specific medical condition or even related ones. Lifestyle changes have posed a threat for deficiency disorders as in modern times the eating habits are changing abruptly. Some diseases that occur due to the absence of a basic nutrient are given below:

Night Blindness: Night blindness is a deficiency disease in which a person is not able to see properly in the dark. It occurs due to the deficiency of Vitamin A and if not treated properly can lead to total blindness. Some common symptoms of night blindness are dull and listless eyes, dry skin, etc.
Those suffering from this disease should take a diet rich in Vitamin A. Some good sources of Vitamin A are carrots, milk, butter, fish, fruits, etc.

Scurvy: Scurvy is caused due to the deficiency of Vitamin C and it results in swollen and bleeding gums. The common symptoms are weight loss, shaky teeth, etc.
Those suffering from scurvy should include food rich in vitamin c such as orange, citrus fruits, cabbage, amla, etc.  

Beri-Beri: Beri-beri is actually a disease in which the patient has a disorder of nerves. Deficiency of Vitamin B cause this disease and it affects the overall health of the patient. The condition may affect the vision, skin pores, blood flow, formation of muscle tissues, and development system.
Patients should eat a diet rich in Vitamin B such as milk, fish, meat, cereals and eggs. As disease could lead to critical issues, a physician`s assistance is a must.

Anaemia: Anaemia is a disorder in which the patient hemoglobin level falls below a prescribe level leading to fatigue and weakness. The patient gets tired soon. Some other symptoms are pale skin and faded nail color. Anaemia is caused due to the deficiency of iron and women are more likely to develop this disease.
Patients of aneamia should eat green and leafy vegetables such as spinach and cabbage. Other good sources of iron are meat, apples, beans, dry fruits, etc. 
 
Rickets: Rickets is a much serious disease that starts in early childhood and in this disease the legs or bones of other body parts turn out skinny and deformed. Bones usually become weak in children with  rickets and it occurs due to deficiency of Vitamin D.
Children with rickets should eat food rich in vitamin D such as meat, butter, egg, milk, fish, etc.

Goitre: Goitre occurs due to the deficiency of iodine in your diet. Under this condition, there is an inflammation across the neck area. The disease is quite serious as the neck becomes swollen and enlarged area makes it difficult to live normally.
Salt with a high iodine amount should be used while cooking food to recover from the disease and to prevent the condition.  

Malnutrition: Malnutrition is a deficiency disorder is which child becomes skinny and it occurs due to the deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates. The development progress is poor in a malnourished child as compared to other children and s/he becomes weak. Getting fatigued is quite common during malnutrition.
Patients are advised to eat a mixed diet rich in proteins, carbohydrates, and other essential nutrients.