'Essential' hypertension has no identifiable cause. It may be triggered due to both genetic and environmental factors, such as salt intake or other factors. Nearly 95% of the kind of hypertension that affects people is the Essential hypertension. 'Secondary' hypertension is hypertension caused by other disorders such as kidney disorders, renal vein thrombosis, renal failure, pregnancy, etc. Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood pumped by the heart, and the size and condition of the arteries.

Many factors can affect blood pressure, including volume of water in the body, salt content of the body, condition of the kidneys, nervous system or blood vessels and levels of various hormones in the body. Hypertension may be suspected when the blood pressure is high. It is confirmed through blood pressure measurements that are repeated over time. Blood pressure consistently elevated over 140 systolic or 90 diastolic, or consistently over the person's 'normal' blood pressure, is considered hypertension. Tests for suspected causes and complications may be performed. These are guided by the symptoms presented, history and results of examination.

Symptoms

If hypertension is severe, the symptoms include: Tiredness, confusion, vision changes, nausea, vomiting, anxiety, excessive perspiration, pale skin or redness of the face or other areas, muscle tremors, angina-like pain: crushing substernal chest pain, Splenomegaly

Note: Often, no symptoms are present.

Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease are as follows:

Treatment

Hypertension is controllable with treatment. It requires lifelong monitoring and the treatment may require adjustments periodically. The goal of treatment is to reduce blood pressure to a level where there is decreased risk of complications. If your diagnosis shows high blood pressure and you are being frivolous about the treatment prescribed, you could land up with severe problems. Complications such as hypertensive heart disease, heart attacks, blood vessel damage (arteriosclerosis), kidney damage, kidney failure, stroke, brain damage and loss of vision are some of the things that can happen to you. So, make sure that you take the prescribed tablets regularly and schedule periodic visits to the doctor.

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